In addition, some guide wires are coated with hydrophilic coatings, which are very slippery when exposed to water and do not require the use of other lubricants. Zebra guidewire is a common hydrophilic coated guidewire. If there is no guide wire with hydrophilic coating, we need to fully lubricate the guide wire when using it, otherwise the situation in Figure 1 may also occur. But even with a hydrophilic coating,titanium round bar, if the guidewire is thick, there is still no way to pass through the 5Fr stent. Have we experienced ureteral perforation during rigid ureteroscopic surgery or placement of a flexible ureteroscopic sheath? Most of these cases were related to the failure of the ureteral guide wire to be in place, in addition to the violent entry of the endoscope or sheath. When the hard part of the ureteral guide wire has not yet passed through the twisted ureter, it is very easy to cause ureteral injury and perforation by entering the endoscope or sheath. In addition, if the guide wire bends earlier in the ureter or returns, the tip of the sheath will still injure the ureter when the soft sheath is placed. Expand the full text The ureteral guide wire has two ends, and we should fully understand the shape and material of the two ends. For most guide wires, one end is a soft head,titanium round bar, which can be bent and has good passability, while the other end is a hard head, which is generally not suitable for "taking the lead", otherwise it is easy to cause tissue damage, perforation and so on. Of course, there are also guide wires with soft heads for doctors to choose. Soft head generally has two forms, one is straight head, the other is elbow, each has its own advantages. A straight guidewire easily enters the ureteral opening, while a curved guidewire more easily passes through the twisted segment of the ureter. The main part of most ureteral guide wires is made of nickel-titanium alloy, which has good torsion and tensile force, can resist folding, and is convenient to bypass stones and narrow segments. Some ureteral guide wires are made of stainless steel spiral material with Teflon coating. Because Teflon material is the material with the lowest friction coefficient in the world, nickel titanium wire ,Titanium welding pipe, this kind of guide wire is often used for stent placement. In short, with the development of endoscopic technology, according to the different characteristics of surgical methods combined with guide wires, the selection of different guide wires will be a link that can not be ignored for the success of surgery. h projects at all levels, held 15 national and provincial continuing education classes, and published more than 80 articles including SCI and first-class journals. Return to Sohu to see more Responsible Editor:. yunchtitanium.com